Report writing for fundamental of computing (week 2)

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Topic A03

Digital Representation.


On second week i learned a new topic which is topic A03. Topic A03 was all about digital representation .
what does ASCII stands for?
- ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
- It is 7-bit characters code, with values from 0 to 127.
- ASCII code is a subset of UTF-8 code.
ASCII v/s Unicode
ASCII is a 7-bit character code (0 to 7F)- hexa-decimal
Unicode is a bigger set or superset of ASCII that contains ASCII code ranging from 0 to 10FFFF- hexa-decimal.

 Representing sound
- Sounds are usually waves and for them to be processed by computer sounds should be converted into binary form.

- 0 & 1 is a binary number .

Representing image
- Same like sounds image is also converted or broken into individual pixels.

- each pixels actually has three emitters. (R- red , G - green, B- blue) 

Representing number 
- In computer most natural or appropriate way to represent a number is by string of bit called binary number.
# binary number are 0&1

Number system
- Number system of many types and they are 
1. binary number system(base 2)
2.hexadecimal(base 16)
3.Octal(base 8)
4. Decimal(base 10)

Decimal (base 10) number system
1. it has 10 symbols and they are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 
2. those symbols are called digits
3. it is positional notation
4. Denote it with an optional suffix D.

ex:
123  represented in decimal number system  100 + 20 + 3= 1*10^2 + 2*10^1 + 3*10^0 

Binary(Base 2) number system 
1. It has two symbols; 0 and 1
2. 0 and 1 are called bits
3. It is also a positional notation.
4. Denote it with a suffix B.
5. it is also called as bit.
6.eight bit is equal to 1 byte.

Octal (Base 8) number system 
1. has 8 symbols and they are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
2.positional notation.
3. Denote with suffix O
4. programming language  C uses prefix 0(zero)

Hexadecimal(Base 16) Number System
1.Uses 16 symbols and they are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F(hexa digits)
2.positional notation.
3. Denote it with suffix H or in short hex

ex:
A5F

Conversion:
1.Binary to Decimal



2.Decimal to Binary



3.Decimal to octal 
4. octal to decimal
5.Decimal to hexadecimal
6. hexadecimal to decimal  





1. for signed integers, the leftmost bit is used to indicate the sign
- 0 for positive
- 1 for negative

three ways to represent signed integers
1. sign and magnitude
2. 1's complement 
3. 2's complement
-most efficient way to carry out addition and subtraction operations.



Arithmetic
-if there is overflow

Overflow(Addition)
Overflow(Subtraction)





















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